6 Reasons to Read Before Class

6 Reasons to Read Before Class Everyones school and graduate school experience is somewhat unique, however the one thing all share for all intents and purpose is perusing. You definitely realize that school involves a great deal of perusing. Prepare to have your mind blown. Graduate school is way worse. Expect your perusing burden to significantly increase, in any event, in graduate school. With such a tremendous arrangement of understanding assignments, you may be enticed to fall behind and not read before class. Here are six reasons why you ought to keep away from enticement and read in front of the class. Benefit as much as possible from the Class Time Class time is significant. Be certain that you can track. At the point when you read early, you are bound to comprehend the association of the talk. Youll be better ready to make sense of whats significant and what isnt (and in this way take powerful notes). Comprehend the Topic and What You Don't Understand On the off chance that everything that you hear in class is new, by what means will you figure out what you comprehend and whether you have questions? In the event that you have perused previously you can concentrate on filling holes in your comprehension by giving more consideration during certain pieces of the talk and by posing inquiries. Take an interest Most classes require probably some investment. Be prepared to respond to questions and to talk about the subject. Its simple to take an interest when you know the theme. Perusing in advance causes you to comprehend the material and gives you an opportunity to think about your point of view and conclusions. Dont get captured ill-equipped. Educators assessments matter - don't get discovered faking it. Hotshot Perusing before class lets you show that youve read, that you give it a second thought, and that you are wise. Youll have the option to pose great inquiries and take an interest in a manner that exhibits arrangement, intrigue, and dominance of the material. These are for the most part positive stamps in profs sees. Partake in Group Work Numerous classes require bunch work, regularly in class. In the event that you have perused, you are prepared and likely won't mooch off of your cohorts, or advantage from their difficult work. Thusly, in the event that you have perused you can tell when the gathering is going astray. In spite of certain generalizations, powerful gathering work requires planning. Show Respect Perusing early shows regard for the educator and enthusiasm for the class. While teachers sentiments ought not be the essential spark of your conduct, associations with workforce are significant and this is one simple approach to get your relationship with your educator looking great so far. Think ahead-personnel are frequently significant assets for counsel, proposal letters, and openings. Numerous understudies discover perusing tedious, a lot of work. Take a stab at utilizing perusing systems, for example, the SQ3R strategy.

E-Commerce Implementation Strategies & Success Factors - Solution

Question: Talk about the E-Commerce for Implementation Strategy. Answer: Presentation As opined by Li and Karahanna (2015) the diverse business associations are utilizing the E-trade stage as a phase to extend their business. This E-business activity likewise encourages the associations to arrive at significantly more number of customers and the potential customers contrasted with the conventional trade. Again the E-trade gives various open doors that help the association to have an upper hand in the business than its rivals. In this report the creator attempted to profoundly investigate and assess the site greyteak.com.au. This report likewise breaks down whether the site is in the presentation, communication, and web based business or e-business stage. Assurance of the phase of the current site As the web gives the adaptability to the purchaser to get their necessary item or administration whenever of the day, in this way it causes the organizations to get the additional benefit and income from the business. Increasingly over the customer or the potential customer can arrive at the business association in the event that they have any issue with the item or the administration (Sandoval-Almazan and Gil-Garcia 2012). With every one of these favorable circumstances the internet business is a superior method to work together, yet when a business association initially shows up on the online stage then it need to cross a few phases to be completely operational and a solid site to do the business. Coming up next are the various stages that another business site need to pass. 1. Presentation stage 2. Cooperation stage. 3. Internet business stage 4. E-business stage. Presentation stage-For another business related site, it first uses the web to arrive at the potential client. Contrarily the current and the potential customers get the diverse data about the associations business and its business tasks and its profiles. Association stage-The business association utilizes the web as a two way correspondence channel between the clients and the business association. Subsequently in this stage the workers or the staffs at the association must be mindful so the communication between the association and the customer can result into a business exchange. Web based business stage-This stage is a significant phase of the online appearance of the business association. In this stage the web turns into a vital piece of the association. In this stage the association presents new methods that help in money, advertising activities. E-business stage-In this stage the association acknowledges and uses various open doors that are given by the web. Examining the various parts of the given site it tends to be said that the site is in the E-trade stage. As it is given on the site the association creates redid virtual products for its customer according to their prerequisite. Utilizing the site the association attempts to obtain the potential clients (Rob et al. 2012 ). On the site the association attempts to give data about the diverse application that is created by the association. Execution methodology to introduce the proprietor of the proposed site The scientist has shown and breaks down the present possibilities of the gave site and needs to decide the definition of execution methodology to introduce the proprietor of the site. The electronic site of GreyTeak is completely founded on CSS idea which by and large methods Cascading Style Sheet of a web architecture procedure. The client administrations are accordingly isolated into sites and on mouse over office which for the most part contains advancement of programming endeavor, framework and application the executives, progressed and creative site improvement, plan and framework advancement, business process improvement and keep up pro of administration administrations. Each organization whether it is little scope or huge scope it has three fundamental thought processes to be specific: deals expansion, benefit boost and consumer loyalty. The authoritative administration has additionally featured and mirrored a few scholarly customers base center idea tributes. The whole site a re isolated into five fundamental sections which for the most part incorporates organization home choice, organization administrations, about organization and get in touch with us alternative with a wide perspective on giving the best and adaptable administrations to its definitive client. Execution technique of E-Commerce Strategy The execution technique of an electronic site is completely founded on hypothetical idea (Liu 2013). In the current site advancement of a hierarchical administration; the analyst has given different sensible ideas with respect to the site connect client administrations and friends contact subtleties. The analyst has likewise envisioned that the organization sites has secured all the fundamental insights about the offered administrations. Each organization whether it is little scope or huge scope it has three fundamental thought processes in particular: deals boost, benefit augmentation and consumer loyalty. The organization sites likewise gives the best possible revisions in regards to the customer login and qualifications. The organization likewise reflects and features the advancement of programming projects. The organization sites need propelled benefits in the field of business process improvement, venture programming advancement, framework and programming configuration, propelle d site advancement, solid of sites look after expert (Mller and Villegas 2014). The protection strategy and terms and states of an authoritative administration is absolutely applications based and framework advancement. Estimation of equipment and programming for the current site As the web based business webpage should be online all the time on the web with the goal that the customers can contact them at whatever point they want.zso for this the association need to have better equipment just as programming foundation. For the equipment the association needs dependable servers, reinforcement servers, Then again for the product it requires area names, email administrations, FTP bundles. Estimation of the necessary programming for the proposed framework As the current framework just gives the correspondence channel with the goal that the customer can reach to the association need to give office so the customers can arrange the administrations they require. For this the association needs to actualize a CRM framework with the goal that they can arrange the product administrations or items according to their need. Again the association additionally consider to actualize an installment passage framework, with the goal that the customers can give their delicate monetary information over the web. References Li, S.S. what's more, Karahanna, E., 2015. Online proposal frameworks in a B2C web based business setting: An audit and future directions.Journal of the Association for Information Systems,16(2), p.72. Liu, T., 2013. Development and Maintenance Operation Program of the E-Commerce Websites of Miniature Clothing Enterprises. InProceedings of the second International Conference on Green Communications and Networks 2012 (GCN 2012): Volume 5(pp. 151-158). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Mller, H. what's more, Villegas, N., 2014. Runtime development of exceptionally unique programming. InEvolving Software Systems(pp. 229-264). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Pitt, A., 2013.System of Multi-Functional Ecommerce sites each with a coordinated shopping basket, an inventory of items from drop shippers or providers of any sort, a safe installment preparing passage, an ongoing dealer account initiation module, a web designer that makes custom or copy sites with a URL, and a concentrated substance the board module fit for changing site substance to every site in the framework. U.S. Patent Application 13/927,032. Robb, T.A., Standlee, J.L., Bevis, A.E., Williams, A.J., Haase, M.N., Hall, B.L., Hoefelmeyer, R.S. furthermore, Phillips, T.E., Verizon Business Global Llc, 2012.Application framework stage (AIP). U.S. Patent 8,126,722. Sandoval-Almazan, R. furthermore, Gil-Garcia, J.R., 2012. Are government web entryways developing towards more connection, cooperation, and joint effort? Returning to the talk of e-government among municipalities.Government Information Quarterly,29, pp.S72-S81.

Everything You Need to Know About Kenya Essay

Kenya is a nation in the mainland of Africa, on the Indian Ocean shore of East Africa. This nation has land on the two sides of the equator. This report is going to tell all of you about this entrancing nation. Jambo (Hello), and we can start our safari (venture). â€Å"Jambo† and â€Å"safari† are Kiswahili words, one of the dialects of Kenya. Kenya is around multiple times the size of Nevada. It’s somewhat littler than Texas and marginally bigger than California, our second and third biggest states individually. The nations that outskirt Kenya are Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, and Uganda. Kenya isn't landlocked in light of the fact that the Indian Ocean outskirts Kenya on its right side. Kenya is in both the northern and eastern sides of the equator. Some major landforms in Kenya incorporate the Kenyan Highlands, Mt. Kenya, the Great Rift Valley, Mau Escarpment, and Mt. Marsabit. The most noteworthy rise is Mount Kenya at 17,057 feet, which is likewise one of the tallest in Africa. The capital of Kenya is Nairobi. The good ways from Nairobi (the capital of Kenya) to Washington D.C. is 7,548 miles. The geology of Kenya supplies a few favorable circumstances. One zone that shows this is the good countries. The good countries furnish Kenya with extraordinary compared to other horticultural districts in Africa. There is rich soil and fruitful ground. There is copious precipitation and gentle atmosphere ideal for cultivating. High height is likewise incredible for developing espresso and tea. Kenya is the fourth biggest tea maker on the planet. Cultivating gives occupations to the individuals that live there. Sending out yields, for example, espresso and tea help give cash in the nation. The unparalleled kind of normal vegetation in Kenya is tropical field. They have no dynamic volcanoes, yet a couple of hundreds of years prior Mt. Kenya was a well of lava. The good ways from Nairobi, the capital of Kenya, to the equator is around 216 miles. The atmosphere of Kenya is shifted. Be that as it may, in general, the one-month it downpours theâ most in Kenya is in April when they get 6.3 inches. The normal temperature in January is around 68 degrees while in July it’s 63 degrees. The numerous atmospheres in Kenya incorporate tropical wet, tropical wet and dry, parched, and semiarid. Bone-dry is a dry locale and gets around 5 creeps of downpour for every year. In the late spring Kenya gets .6 crawls of downpour and in the winter gets .1 inches. The temperature in the late spring is 81 degrees Fahrenheit and the winter around 55 degrees Fahrenheit. Semiarid is viewed as a dry atmosphere type. Summers normal 79 degrees Fahrenheit and in the winter midpoints 51 degrees Fahrenheit. The yearly precipitation is 10 crawls in the late spring 3.4 and .2 in the winter. Tropical wet and dry is viewed as a tropical atmosphere. It’s hot all year, averaging 79 degrees all year. It gets around 50 crawls of precipitation for each year with 10 creeps in the late spring and .2 crawls in the winter. I will currently enlighten you concerning the historical backdrop of Kenya before European investigation. Early inborn gatherings have begun to settle in Kenya as far back as 2000 BC. The primary explanation clans came here was for the rich, fruitful ground, which would be useful for cultivating. Both the good countries and the Rift Valley gave this in southern Kenya. The principal vagrants to show up were peaceful migrants from Ethiopia who were looking for prolific ground, which they could use to brush their herds. They were before long driven out and go into focal Tanzania as a result of the atmosphere changes throughout the hundreds of years and water had started to be rare. The Yaaku, or Eastern Cushites, came 1,000 years after the fact and settled in focal Kenya. It appears that the Yaaku had been the pioneer and a lot more clans came as the devotees and by 100 AD there has been about 1,400 peaceful networks in the Rift Valley locale. Next, I will educate you regarding the individuals of Kenya. The number of inhabitants in Kenya is 31,138,735 individuals. There are 2,310,000 individuals living in Nairobi. The populationâ density is 139 individuals for each square miles in Kenya. Kenya is rustic in mostâ areas, however urban in the capital. The official language of Kenya is English and Kiswahili (Swahili). The significant ethnic gathering of Kenya is Kikuyu, which makes up 22% of the populace. The significant religion of Kenya is Protestant. 45% of the individuals follow the Protestant religion. The proficiency rate in Kenya is 78.1% in general. Guys are 86.3% proficient, and ladies are 70% educated. Numerous zones need great instruction. The future for ladies is 48 while the men are relied upon to life to 46. The populace pattern is developing significantly at 1.15% every year. One significant disease that Kenyans experience the ill effects of is HIV/AIDS. I will currently enlighten you regarding the economy. The significant kind of monetary action is horticulture including grouping and cultivating. Roughly 75-80% of the working populace are in farming. It is an essential action. The principle farming item is tea. Kenya depends on espresso, tea, and blossoms as their restricted measure of money crops. In spite of the fact that they have regions for cultivating, because of the huge populace and atmosphere and climate issues, Kenya endures with both starvation and starvation. A portion of their driving fares incorporate espresso, tea, and blossoms. They have an exchange deficiency with 3.1 million dollars imported and 1.8 million dollars sent out. The significant exchanging accomplices with Kenya are UK, Tanzania, and Uganda. The significant imports Kenya gets are hardware and transportation gear, oil based commodities, engine vehicles, iron and steel, saps, and plastics. The per capita GDP is $1,000 per individual. The significant commo n asset is hydroelectric force. Other normal assets incorporate gold, limestone, soft drink debris, salt barites, garnets, and rubies. The money is known as a Kenyan Schilling. A US dollar is worth 77 Kenyan Schillings. I will presently inform you concerning the legislative issues and administration of Kenya. The sort of government in Kenya is a republic. As of late, the legislature has not changed. The present chief of Kenya is President Mwal Kibaki. The date Kenya was conceded its autonomy was on December twelfth, 1963. The nation got its name when Europeans misspoke the name Kikuyu (what Kenya was then called) for Kenya. The equivalent happened with the name for Mt. Kenya. There have been no ongoing common wars. The envoy to the US is Yusuf Abdulraham. The name of the major ideological group is the Forum for the Restoration of Democracy otherwise called FORD. The worldwide associations Kenya is aâ part of incorporate the UN (The United Nations), IMF (International Monetary Fund), WB (World Bank), OAU (Organization of African Unity), and ISO (International Organization of Standardization). The banner of Kenya has numerous implications. The shield speaks to the pride and custom of Kenya. The dark speaks to the individuals. The red speaks to the blood. Green speaks to the rich ground. At long last, the white speaks to harmony. I feel that Kenya is still in the creating stage. A significant part of the territory is provincial, with an expanding populace, especially in and around the capital. They have numerous residents with HIV AIDS, and have a lot all the more experiencing starvation. One quality that Kenya has is that they get 40 creeps of precipitation for each year. That makes it useful for cultivating, in the territories that they can cultivate. Another quality is the high elevation and Great Rift Valley that permits tea and espresso to develop, yet it extends to greater employment opportunities, which is significant with a high populace thickness nation like Kenya to have. I imagine that Kenya won't improve later on except if they lessen the rate of Aids and dispose of starvation. Because of constrained training, absence of a solution for Aids, and climate conditions that can't be controlled, the future doesn't look encouraging for Kenya.

Culture Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Culture Case Study - Essay Example The measures overviewed on are: assorted variety selecting strategies, authority advancement activities, preparing programs, open door for mentorship and animation of worker liking gatherings. Every one of these focuses to a fruitful multifaceted administration that we can gain from and worth to case concentrated into. Addressing race and ethnic assorted variety for the situation study, there likewise are a few speculations that emphasis on positive forecasts or conceivable positive results of racial/ethnic decent variety. This originates from an esteem in decent variety point of view ([Cox, 1993] and [Cox et al., 1991]) which contends that assorted variety makes worth and advantage for group results. Gathering execution is believed to be upgraded by having more extensive assets and numerous points of view (Hoffman, 1959). Specific to race, a few investigations (McLeod et al., 1996 P.L. McLeod, S. Lobel and T.H. Cox, Ethnic assorted variety and innovativeness in little gatherings, Small Group Research 27 (1996), pp. 248-264. Full Text by means of CrossRef[McLeod et al., 1996] and [Watson et al., 1993]) have discovered that ethnically differing work groups settle on preferred choices over homogeneous groups. The general suspicion that underlies these speculations is that an expansion in racial or ethnic decent variety implies that a work gathering will encounter conceivable positive results, for example, expanded data, upgraded issue s... oblem fathoming capacity, helpful clash and discussion, expanded imagination, more excellent choices, and expanded comprehension of various ethnicities/societies. This is valid for our contextual investigation as Mark Welch, Director of Global Diversity and Inclusion at Northern Trust says in the article (l.5). In light of the various foundation of every person and culture, when confronted with a similar issue in the work gathering, various arrangements rose up out of the individual culture. Since each culture is one of a kind thus there will be contrasts, which brings about a greater pool of thoughts created to accomplishing an issue. This expands the quantity of correlations of thoughts between to each other. Subsequently, blends and mixtures of arrangements will surface offering ascend to more data. What will be useful is that the capacity to take care of issues will be upgraded since there is a securing of new points of view to tackle a similar issue, which means if certain condi tions blocks the usage of one arrangement, another arrangement procured to a similar issue might be progressively feasible. This disorder is a proof of expanded inventiveness of the individual or of the gathering. Being in an assorted gathering, good judgment will advise that being touchy to another's race or ethnicity or threatening vibe will emerge. Taking into account this, to oblige the consideration of a co-partner feelings and points of view especially individualized in an individual, and simultaneously to differ maturely dependent on realities, the path is to bring across usefully clashes and discussions. To accomplish in this way, one should search out the comprehension of another's race and ethnicity if a valid relationship is to be built up in the work place. With the expanded arrangements, there will come about the decision of the best arrangements and the inspiration

Impact of Global Recession on Indian Economy - Free Essay Example

Impact of global meltdown on Indian economy in 2009 Ashok Handoo | 08 Jan, 2009 With the advent of 2009, economists are debating the extent of the impact of global meltdown on the Indian economy in 2009. The predictions range between somewhat optimistic to fairly pessimistic. But the common thread running is that 2009 will be challenging, indeed. The Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission Montek Singh Ahluwalia says the stimulus package part two is part of the government strategy to deal with the situation as it evolves. The fiscal and monetary measures taken under the second package are targeted to increase iquidity for pushing up demand, addressing the concerns of the industries and provide incentives to exporters that have been hit by the recessionary conditions. The first objective is aimed to be met by reducing the key interest rates further the CRR has been cut by point 5 percent, bringing it down to 5%. The repo and the reverse repo rates have been reduced by1% each, bring ing them down to 5. 5 % and 4% respectively. All this will leave more funds with the banks to enable them to lend more at lower rates of interest. The second objective will be met by curbing cheap imports. That explains why certain duties on import of cement, Zinc and ferro-alloys, TMT bars etc. which were removed earlier to fight inflation, have been restored. The third objective to boost exports is hoped to be met by a twin stroke-increasing duty drawbacks, which the exporters claim against the taxes paid on inputs needed to manufacture the item for export and extend the duration of the scheme up to the end of December this year. The government is able to do this because the inflation rate is consistently falling for the last one and a half month. As Ashok Chawla Economic Affairs Secretary in the Finance Ministry observes the trend is clear. This will translate into lower interest rates. There is a possibility of inflation rate coming down to a tolerable 5% by the end of the current financial year. Ahluwalia is confident that despite the gloomy international economic situation India will register growth rate of 7 %. But, he says, fiscal deficit will be higher than anticipated on account of the stimulus packages announced. The mid-year economic review presented in Parliament, projects its ncrease to 5 percent against the target of 2. 5 percent. The Reserve Bank of India Governor D Subbarao too admits that 2009 will be more challenging adding that the RBI will continue to do everything possible to mitigate the impact of global crisis on the Indian Economy. He however, says that the outlook for India and the world remains uncertain and the path of global crisis and its resolution remains unclear. That view is shared by the Nobel laureate Amartya Sen as well. Sen recently admitted that he did not have a ready answer to how deeply global meltdown will affect India in the New Year. The World Bank President Robert Zoellick predicts that the global econ omy is likely to worsen in the first half of 2009. The IMF chief concurs with him. The RBI has made it more than clear that it has a road map to deal with the situation and steps will be taken as and when required. To quote Subbarao our approach has been to cross the river by feeling the stones. It has already lowered its key interest rates-the CRR to a 2 year low and the repo and reverse repo rates to an 8 year low. But there are areas of concern as well. Foreign investment flows have declined. The Commerce Minister Kamal Nath informed the Lok Sabha that FDI inflows between April and September 2008 showed an increasing trend each month in comparison to the same period in the previous year. But he cautioned that FDI flows to the developing nations would generally decline in 2009. He was however quick to add that the government has put in place a liberal policy which permits FDI up to 100 percent on the automatic route, in most sectors and activities. The other area of concern i s that Indias industrial growth has declined for the first time in 15 ears. Since Industry accounts for about 25 percent of the country’s GDP it is bound to affect the growth rate. Exports declined by 9. 9% in November last which is also worrisome. The RBI in its report says there are downsize risks from Indias increasing global integration such as the sustained outflow of capital, financial contagion and slowing world growth. It corroborates Prime Ministers view that in a globalised world, we cannot pretend that we will not be affected by the crisis that has been created somewhere else. But it says that use of a ombination of instruments to absorb excessive pressure had helped cushion the impact on Indian economy. The silver lining is that since 50% of our GDP comes from the service sector, which is not affected much by the global recession, growth rate in the current year will end up around 7%. That is what the mid- year review estimates. Five years of nearly 4% farm growth and high domestic saving rate of 36% is seen as making that possible. That the government is alive to the situation is apparent through the measures it has been aking in association with the RBI from time to time. It has raised public expenditure by Rs. 20,000 crore through the first stimulus package announced on December 7. The RBI too injected Rs. 300,000 crore liquidity into the system through a series of cuts in rates. The second package will increase availability of funds with banks and non-banking financial companies by 75,000 crore. The state governments too have been allowed additional market borrowings of Rs. 30,000 crore. It is now for the Banks and the big industries to fulfill their share of responsibilities and nsure that the measures taken are effective. They need to move hand in hand with the government. Time and again, the Prime Minister has been assuring the people that despite the international environment the country has the capacity, ability and resilience to co pe with the present global crisis. He has been citing the economic crisis of 1991 which Asia faced and which was more serious, but India overcame it efficiently. With steadfast commitments of all the players in the field we look forward to see India coming out of the present global crisis with minimum bruises.

Misconstrued Narratives and the Search for A Role Model in No Name Woman - Literature Essay Samples

Maxine Hong Kingston’s No Name Woman explores the life of Kingston’s aunt, who had a child out of wedlock in rural China. As she doesn’t know the exact circumstances of her aunt’s story, she’s forced to imagine different versions of her aunt’s narrative. Her ultimate goal is construct a vision of her aunt that she personally identifies with, but her interpretations also present the issues that arise from stories created without possession of all the facts. Kingston tries out multiple interpretations to find one that allows her to see her aunt as a figure in whom she can relate, but in doing so her interpretations, and the lack of concrete fact and cultural context she has access to, can allow the aunt’s story to be misconstrued. The varied interpretations of the aunt’s story stem from Kingston’s desire to see her aunt as someone with whom she can personally relate. Kingston is the product of two cultures, who feels neither wholly Chinese nor wholly American: she explains how her mother’s behavior is that of a Chinese woman, complete with â€Å"screams in public libraries or over telephones† (13), but she has tried to make herself American in spite of the Chinese environment in which she’s been raised, by â€Å"walking erect†¦ and speaking in an inaudible voice† (13). She attempts to construct an identity for her aunt that also places the aunt at a crossroads between two worlds: she envisions her as someone who maintained her appearance in spite of the fact that â€Å"on a farm near the sea, a woman who tended her appearance reaped a reputation for eccentricity† (10). After thinking about the environment where her aunt lived, however, she reconsiders and d ecides that because â€Å"a woman combing her hair hexes beginnings, my aunt rarely found an occasion to look her best† (11), but in spite of that, â€Å"commonplace loveliness was not enough for my aunt. She dreamed of a lover for the fifteen days of New Year’s† (11). She is willing to change her interpretations as she takes into account outside context and how realistic her interpretations are in light of that context, but she still searches for signs that her aunt was an outlier like her amidst those stories that she deems more â€Å"accurate†. Kingston’s identity as someone stuck between cultures, however, plays a significant part in the potential misconstruction of her aunt’s story. As she is the child of immigrants and wasn’t born in China herself, she experiences some distancing from her culture, and that lack of knowledge can lead her to incorrect interpretations of her aunt’s legacy. Everything she knows about Chinese culture comes from what she has been told; she finds herself wondering â€Å"how do you separate what is peculiar to childhood, to poverty, insanities, one family†¦ from what is Chinese? What is Chinese tradition and what is the movies?† (6). She also discusses her own personal physical expression and how she struggles with â€Å"making attraction selective† (Kingston, 8), so that she’s attractive only to the Chinese boys in her school. Kingston has difficulty reconciling her Chinese and American identities so that she can remain true to her Chinese h eritage, a heritage which she doesn’t have a full and complete understanding of, while still accounting for her American upbringing, and that lack of clear knowledge regarding either culture aids in further distorting her aunt’s story: such a story requires cultural context that Kingston does not have. While Kingston’s identity as a product of two cultures is her primary motivation for trying to learn the truth about her aunt and construct the most realistic interpretation of her story possible, in order to depict her aunt as an outlier with whom she can relate, her multicultural identity acts as a hinderance as well as an inspiration. Her lack of complete access to Chinese culture aids in the wrongful interpretation of her aunt’s narrative, because she possibly neglects important aspects of Chinese culture. The shame the aunt’s story brought her family, as a result of cultural taboos, allows her narrative to be forgotten in the larger context of the narrator’s family, which bars Kingston from accessing information about her and motivates her to unveil her story. The aunt’s story is in danger of disappearing from family records entirely; when Kingston’s mother tells her the story, she prefaces it by saying that she â€Å"must not tell anyone†¦ what I am about to tell you† (3). Her mother only broaches the topic because Kingston has gotten old enough that she herself can get pregnant; the story is introduced as a cautionary tale. She quickly establishes what she knows to be the truth in sharing what her mother told her and then delving into her own interpretations. She shares for certain only be that her aunt had an illegitimate child, that her actions caused a raid on their family home, and that the aunt killed herself and the baby in shame. This r endering of her as nothing but a cautionary tale and a story of disgrace prevents her from being seen as a person at all: she is reduced solely to what she did and the shame she brought her family, and any other memories the family may have of her are erased from memory because Chinese cultural values render her actions disgraceful. Her own family rejected her; Kingston explains that â€Å"my mother spoke about the raid as if she had been there, when she and my aunt, a daughter-in-law to another household, should not have been living together at all† (8). Her aunt was chased from her in-laws’ house and forced back home because her actions were so despicable in the eyes of her husband’s family. Without solid fact, the aunt’s story could likely disappear beneath a sea of possible interpretations and â€Å"what if’s†, where her actual experience is completely lost. The fear of disappearing is one that Kingston imagines her aunt to have had in t he moments before giving birth and committing suicide: she imagines that â€Å"the black well of sky and stars went out and out and out forever; her body and and her complexity seemed to disappear†¦ an agoraphobia rose in her, speeding higher and higher†¦ she would not be able to contain it† (16). The aunt is terrified of slipping into her surroundings to never be found again, a fear that’s legitimized by the way her family treats her following her death: their answer to the problem she brings is to completely ignore the fact that she ever existed. Kingston alone â€Å"devotes pages of paper to her† (19) in an attempt to honor her memory and to create a relatable figure, but the taboo surrounding the story blocks her from crucial information and, as a result, leads to speculations that can harm her aunt’s legacy. Kingston searches for the most accurate interpretation of her aunt’s story she can find, but her interpretations can damage her aunt’s legacy by potentially ignoring important aspects of her story. She reverses her belief that her aunt was sexually promiscuous when she realizes that she â€Å"[doesn’t] know any women like that† (10). She is willing to acknowledge that she doesn’t have all of the information required to construct a definite story, and adjusts her interpretations as she takes into account additional information, but she still searches for a person similar to herself, and says that â€Å"unless I see her life branching into mine, she gives me no ancestral help† (10). Kingston explores the possibility that her aunt was raped, that â€Å"women in the old China did not choose† (7) and that her aunt’s rapist was likely an everyday, predatory presence in her life. While this is absolutely a possibility, considering King ston’s knowledge of Chinese culture, this possibility cannot be regarded as a certainty because of Kingston’s lack of access to her aunt’s full story. The same is true for Kingston’s speculation that her aunt chose the father of her child in an act of sexual autonomy, that she chose â€Å"warm eyes or a soft voice or a slow walk†¦ a line, a brightness† (9), and that her aunt was â€Å"wild† and â€Å"kept rollicking company† (9). While the idea that Kingston’s aunt was sexually promiscuous and chose a partner of her own free will is as valid as the idea that she was raped (while one option may better fit into traditional Chinese culture, as there is no solid factual information on the subject, both options are possible), both interpretations can deeply damage the aunt’s story and any struggles that she may have faced. The issue does not lie in which story is true and whether Kingston presents any story as truth; it lies in how varying interpretations can wrongfully depict the aunt’s experiences. If she was raped, painting her as sexually promiscuous can hurt her memory by undermining the physical and emotional violence she experienced and the way she was punished for it. If she slept with her baby’s father of her own volition, painting her as a rape victim undermines her sexual autonomy in a society where a sexually free woman would have been condemned, therefore discrediting her choice and any struggles she may have faced because of it. As Kingston searches for an explanation that both seems accurate to her and allows her to see herself in an aunt, she explores possibilities that could damage her aunt’s legacy and discredit struggles that she faced. Maxine Hong Kingston provides multiple interpretations of her aunt’s story in No Name Woman as she attempts to see herself in the mysterious dead woman, but those varying interpretations, stemming from a lack of concrete information regarding her aunt’s situation and a lack of direct experience with Chinese culture, damage the aunt’s narrative even more than it already has been by her family. The taboo surrounding her story prevents it from being told, forcing instead multiple interpretations that can incorrectly depict her experience and erase her from the pages of family history. In her search to find an ancestor in whom she can relate, Kingston’s interpretations of her aunt’s story depict what can happen when a narrative is misconstrued.

Bullying And The School System Essay - 1562 Words

Introduction Merriman Webster’s Dictionary defines a bully as â€Å"one habitually cruel to others who are weaker.† One could venture to say that bullies have been around as long as there have been stronger and weaker people in the world. Miller (2012) points out that oftentimes bullies are people who are aware of the variation in others because they themselves have experienced the world in some way that is different from the general norm. He goes on to mention that bullying could be considered a form of microaggression and assumes many different shapes. Lastly, he identifies a series of different types of bullying that bullies can perpetuate which include: verbal, physical, material, relational, hate-motivated, and cyber (Miller 2012). The main argument of this paper is that federal and state legislation are not rigorous enough to address the burgeoning demand to address the issue of anti-bullying in the school systems. 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